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; also known as ''Ooyamatohikosukitomo no Mikoto''; was the fourth emperor of Japan〔Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō''): ( 懿徳天皇 (4) ); retrieved 2013-8-22.〕 according to the traditional order of succession.〔Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 4; Brown, Delmer M. (1979). ''Gushankō,'' p. 251; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki,'' p. 89.〕 No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 510 BC–476 BC.〔Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' pp. 29-30.〕 ==Legendary narrative== Modern scholars have come to question the existence of at least the first nine emperors; Itoku's descendant, Emperor Sujin is the first that many agree might have actually existed.〔Yoshida, Reiji. ("Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl," ) ''Japan Times.'' March 27, 2007; retrieved 2013-8-22.〕 The name Itoku''-tennō'' was assigned to him posthumously by later generations.〔Brinkley, Frank. (1915). ; excerpt, "Posthumous names for the earthly ''Mikados'' were invented in the reign of Emperor Kammu (782-805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the ''Records'' and the ''Chronicles.''〕 Itoku is regarded by historians as a "legendary emperor" and there is a paucity of information about him. There is insufficient material available for further verification and study.〔Kelly, Charles F. ( "Kofun Culture," ) ( Japanese Archaeology. ) April 27, 2009.〕 The reign of Emperor Kimmei (509?–571 AD), the 29th emperor,〔Titsingh, (pp. 34–36 ); Brown, ( pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124 ).〕 is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates;〔Hoye, Timothy. (1999). ''Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds,'' p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.〕 However, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.〔Aston, William. (1896). ''Nihongi,'' pp. 109.〕 In the ''Kojiki'' and ''Nihonshoki'' only his name and genealogy were recorded. He is believed to be the son of Emperor Annei; and his mother is believed to have been Nunasoko-Nakatsu-hime, who was the granddaughter of Kotoshiro-Nushi-no-kami.〔Varley, p. 89.〕 The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and an Imperial ''misasagi'' or tomb for Itoku is currently maintained; however, no extant contemporary records have been discovered that confirm a view that this historical figure actually reigned. He is considered to have been the third of eight emperors without specific legends associated with them, also known as the .〔Aston, pp. 142-143.〕 Jien records that Itoku was the second or third son of Emperor Annei,〔Brown, p. 251.〕 but the surviving documents provide no basis for speculating why the elder brother or brothers were passed over.〔Ponsonby-Fane, p. 29; Varley, p. 89.〕 He is traditionally believed to have ruled from the palace of ''Migario-no-miya'' at Karu in what would come to be known as Yamato province.〔 His posthumous name literally means "benign virtue". It is undisputed that this identification is Chinese in form and Buddhist in implication, which suggests that the name must have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Itoku, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the ''Kojiki''.〔 The actual site of his grave is not known.〔 This emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (''misasagi'') in Nara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Annei's mausoleum. It is formally named ''Unebi-yama no minami no Masago no tani no e no misasagi''.〔Ponsonby-Fane, p. 418.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emperor Itoku」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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